803

"Accurata delineatio celeberrimae Regionis Ludovicianae vel Gallice Louisiane, ol Canada et Florida... (Accurate delineation of the frequented Louisiana Region, or of French Louisiana, Canada and Florida)"

by Matthaus Seutter (German, 1678-1756), hand-colored engraving with a cartouche mocking the "Mississippi Bubble", published Augsburg, 1720.
Unframed.
plate 19-1/2" x 22-5/8", sheet 21-3/4" x 24-5/8"

Provenance: Private collection of Hugo Wedemeyer, New Orleans, Louisiana.

Notes: Drafted after Nicolas de Fer's 1718 chart, this beautiful map, which depicts the great lakes and gulf coast from the French-controlled northeast coast to the Spanish-controlled New Mexico, represents an extraordinary chronicle of ruin-the collapse of a self-contained Ponzi scheme by John Law, known as the "Mississippi Bubble."

After Louis XIV nearly bankrupted the nation, France needed credit to stay afloat and a Scotsman, full of chicanery, with a goldsmith's background provided the answer in 1717. In the absence of gold, paper currency would be generated by the backing of a government chartered bank that would in turn be used to ameliorate the national debt. After a moderately successful venture, Law devised a scheme to pay off the government's remaining deficit through the creation of French trading company-the Compagnie des Indes (commonly called the Mississippi Company), which secured a trading monopoly with the French Louisiana territory in 1719. In lieu of gold, portions of the debt would be exchanged for shares in the company, creating a system whereby an increase in shares would generate an increase in paper currency that Law promised would yield 120% profit to shareholders. As demand for shares soared with over 300,000 investors, so too did inflation, causing the bubble to burst in 1720 when French shareholders attempted to redeem their banknotes, which more than doubled the nation's coin currency.

While the inset in the upper left depicts the Louisiana coastline from the Mississippi Delta to the Florida peninsular at the height of the "Mississippi Bubble" with many forts/posts and Indian villages, the cartouche in the lower right illustrates its collapse in poignant allegory, portraying it as an assembly of deceit. At its center is the investment scheme, personified as a statue of Fortuna spilling a cornucopia of riches and jewels. Above her a group of cherubs swoon, issuing false shares; below her, another group of cherubs cuts up those same shares, while blowing bubbles. To the left and to the right of Fortuna is the before- wealthy vainglorious investors, and the after- men hunkered over by their ruin.



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