804

French School, Probably Cuba (Mid-19th Century), "Farm Settlement in a Valley", oil on a Continental portable writing desk board with velvet backing and leather gilded trim, unsigned, erroneously attributed to "W. A. Walker/Florida" en verso, 10-1/2" x 16-3/4". Framed. Cuba, the "Pearl of the Antilles" with its many beautiful ports, rich in commerce and narratives of piracy, was widely illustrated throughout the 19th century by French travelers and artists seeking Romantic adventure and fortune. As the least-explored island of the archipelago until the early 19th century, Cuba became the next St. Domingue for French expatriates after the French Revolution. Jean-Jacques Ampere in his Promenade en Amerique (1855) compared Cuba, particularly the Yumuri Valley, to the "descriptions of Bernardin de Saint-Pierre in Paul et Virginie (1788), stating that "the ocean, the valley, the mountains and unaccustomed vegetation of the tropics throw you into an ecstasy filled with wonderment." The painting offered here very much belongs to this romantic tradition. The serpentine composition that recedes back into the mountains through the juxtaposition of darks and lights, created through the back lighting of the sun setting on the horizon, is suggestive of a painter versed in French art, particularly in the Barbizon School tradition. The topography, the figures and architecture - the banana leaf thatched roofs and open lean-to style huts, closely resemble 19th-century depictions of rural settlements in the Yumuri Valley in Matanzas. The composition recalls the more accomplished works of the French-trained Chartrand brothers, who are regarded as masters of Cuban landscape painting; and it recalls the numerous "historical" lithographic views of the island that the National Museum of Fine Arts in Havana, and the Museum of Aquitaine in Bordeaux recently exhibited in a show titled "Voyageurs Fran??ais a Cuba" [French Travelers in Cuba]. It is interesting to note that many of these travelers and artists also sojourned to other "exotic" destinations like Florida and Louisiana, the settings for Rene Chateaubriand?ÇÖs action-packed "Indian" novels, Atala (1801) and Rene (1802). In similar pursuit, another Romantic, some time ago, mistakenly attributed this work to the American folk painter William Aiken Walker and to a mythical mountainous Florida. References: Joseph, Yvon. Four French Travelers in Nineteenth-Century Cuba. New York: Peter Lang Publishing, 2008, see appendix for Ampere's travelogue; Voyageurs Fran??ais ?? Cuba, Dossier de Presse. Havana: National Museum of Fine Arts, 2013; Mialhe, Fr??d??ric. Album Pintoresco de la Isla de Cuba [Picturesque Album of the Island of Cuba]. Havana: B. May y Ca., c. 1855.


  • Condition: The painting exhibits no visible signs of restoration or inpainting under UV light. There is some "inherent vice" to the surface of the work due to the material on which it was painted - the writing desk board had some scratches and two small dents on it before it was painted. Light surface soiling is also present. In overall very good condition. The conditions issues that do exist are as to be expected with material and age.

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May 22, 2016 10:00 AM CDT
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