874

The Fortier-Ganucheau Cherrywood Louisiana Commode

circa 1820, the projecting top centered by a cross Alisee patee over a bank of three drawers, each with broad inlaid stringing in contrasting light wood, over a scalloped apron, the rails and stiles pegged, supported by cabriole legs. Cherry with maple stringing; secondary woods of poplar, cypress, walnut and an unidentified wood which is possibly sycamore, beech or cherry sapwood. Replaced brasses, with indications it may originally have employed brass pulls with embossed brass backplates.
h. 31-1/2", w. 21", d. 16-3/4"

Provenance: Anna J. Fortier (1842-1930) to her nephew Pierre Francois Ganucheau, Sr. (1890-1949) to his son, Pierre Francois Ganucheau, Jr. (1919-1996) upon his death to his spouse, Gloria Dickenson Ganucheau (1922-2020), then by descent to the present owner.
By family tradition, the present commode is believed to have been among the furnishings owned by Francois-Gabriel "Valcour" Aime (1797-1867), owner of the legendary "Le Petite Versailles" Plantation, Vacherie, Louisiana. In 1816, Valcour wed Josephine Roman, daughter of Jacques Etienne Roman who was part of a prominent creole family. Josephine's brother Andre Bienvenue Roman was a two-term governor of Louisiana. Aime acquired the Roman's French Colonial plantation house and in the 1830's expanded and modernized it to create le Petit Versailles. The Aime's had five children. Three girls were gifted plantations as a wedding gift. Felicite Emma Aime (1823-1905) married her second cousin, Alexandre Septime Fortier (1816-1898), son of Louis Edmond Fortier (1784-1849) and Felicite Labranche (1787-1859). They resided at Felicity Plantation. Anna Fortier, their eldest daughter, never married. The present commode along with a walnut half-tester bed and a portrait of Josephine Aime, daughter of Valcour, by Jacques Amans were reputedly found in her basement and given to her nephew Pierre Ganucheau.

Literature: The present somnoe/commode is one of a handful of Louisiana cases in this form to survive. One is illustrated in Early Louisiana Furniture; another, now in a private Louisiana collection, was sold at Leland Little Auction, North Carolina, July 2017. In a 1980 correspondence with Gloria Ganucheau, the late Pat Bacot, co-author of Furnishing Louisiana Creole and Acadian Furniture 1735-1835, and then a curator at LSU's Anglo-American museum of Art, indicated "Your commode joins a body of three surviving ones that I know of". It is unclear if he was aware of the one that later sold in North Carolina.

Notes: The bubbles and holes in the Alisee cross adorning the top is indicative of sulfur inlay (sulfur is the Biblican "brimstone"). The sulfur was poured into a shaped recess in its molten state. Sulphur melts at about 240 degrees. When the hot sulfur hits the wood, evaporation of remaining water in the underlying wood causes the release of water vapor. That creates the characteristic pitting found on sulphur inlay. This technique has been employed in a small but significant number of pieces of furniture in Pennsylvania, Maryland, Virginia, and North Carolina. Heretofore, sulfur has not been found in any known pieces of Louisiana or lower Mississippi Valley furniture. That it may have been employed in the deep South independent of the Mid-Atlantic cabinet-making tradition is quite likely. Pipe fitters frequently employed molten sulfur to join iron waste pipes and water pipes in the same fashion lead was used. Masons also used molten sulfur to set iron handrails into masonry. In addition, decorative sulfur molds were produced and used by candy makers.

circa 1820, the projecting top centered by a cross Alisee patee over a bank of three drawers, each with broad inlaid stringing in contrasting light wood, over a scalloped apron, the rails and stiles pegged, supported by cabriole legs. Cherry with maple stringing; secondary woods of poplar, cypress, walnut and an unidentified wood which is possibly sycamore, beech or cherry sapwood. Replaced brasses, with indications it may originally have employed brass pulls with embossed brass backplates.
h. 31-1/2", w. 21", d. 16-3/4"

  • Provenance: Anna J. Fortier (1842-1930) to her nephew Pierre Francois Ganucheau, Sr. (1890-1949) to his son, Pierre Francois Ganucheau, Jr. (1919-1996) upon his death to his spouse, Gloria Dickenson Ganucheau (1922-2020), then by descent to the present owner.
    By family tradition, the present commode is believed to have been among the furnishings owned by Francois-Gabriel "Valcour" Aime (1797-1867), owner of the legendary "Le Petite Versailles" Plantation, Vacherie, Louisiana. In 1816, Valcour wed Josephine Roman, daughter of Jacques Etienne Roman who was part of a prominent creole family. Josephine's brother Andre Bienvenue Roman was a two-term governor of Louisiana. Aime acquired the Roman's French Colonial plantation house and in the 1830's expanded and modernized it to create le Petit Versailles. The Aime's had five children. Three girls were gifted plantations as a wedding gift. Felicite Emma Aime (1823-1905) married her second cousin, Alexandre Septime Fortier (1816-1898), son of Louis Edmond Fortier (1784-1849) and Felicite Labranche (1787-1859). They resided at Felicity Plantation. Anna Fortier, their eldest daughter, never married. The present commode along with a walnut half-tester bed and a portrait of Josephine Aime, daughter of Valcour, by Jacques Amans were reputedly found in her basement and given to her nephew Pierre Ganucheau.
  • Literature: The present somnoe/commode is one of a handful of Louisiana cases in this form to survive. One is illustrated in Early Louisiana Furniture; another, now in a private Louisiana collection, was sold at Leland Little Auction, North Carolina, July 2017. In a 1980 correspondence with Gloria Ganucheau, the late Pat Bacot, co-author of Furnishing Louisiana Creole and Acadian Furniture 1735-1835, and then a curator at LSU's Anglo-American museum of Art, indicated "Your commode joins a body of three surviving ones that I know of". It is unclear if he was aware of the one that later sold in North Carolina.
  • Condition: **Legs and case are tight and stable.

    Normal mars, shrinkage and wear consistent with age and use.

    Drawers slide and fit a bit unevenly due to wear.

    Replaced drawer pulls. There is evidence of a single-hole pull, probably a wooden knob, and smaller double hole pulls similar to the present ones. Filled holes for those double-hole pulls suggest they may have been the originals, filled when changed to wooden pulls.

    Some old veneer repairs to the inlaid stringing.

    By oral tradition, the top was warped when gifted to Pierre Ganucheau, Sr. In 1961 or 1962, it was taken to a local Baton Rouge restorer who spliced in a new part to the rail beneath the top; added some metal braces at that point; replaced a 3" strip of wood across the back of the top; sanded and refinished the piece. More recently, a conservator removed the metal brackets, replaced those added strips of wood using appropriate matching vintage cherrywood, removed the lacquer finish and polished with appropriate shellac.

    All other interior elements, back and bottom retain their old patina and fasteners. The back panels are of two different woods that have developed different coloration with age.

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March 28, 2021 10:00 AM CDT
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